The Role of Copper in a Horses Diet - Horse Supplements

Copper is important for multiple functions, often as a co-enzyme, e.g. lysyl oxidase which facilitates cross-linking of elastin and collagen in connectives tissues, making them stronger and more flexible e.g. tendons, ligaments, bone and cartilage.  
It is vital for the structure and function of the central nervous system and is involved in the mobilisation of iron from stores to form haemoglobin. Copper also aids the production of cellular energy in the form of ATP and supports the immune system. 

The enzyme which produces melanin, called tyrosinase, is copper dependant. Melanin deepens the intensity of coat colour e.g. it can help a wishy-washy chestnut colour to become richer and deeper, and can promote the development of black dapples in bay and grey coats.  Copper is also a component of the enzyme superoxide dismutase which breaks down superoxide, reducing potential cell damage. 

Soya, linseed and molasses are good sources of copper but U.K. forages do not usually contain enough copper to meet most horses’ requirements so supplementation is necessary. It is particularly important to provide pregnant mares with adequate levels of copper. A store of copper is laid down in the foetal liver, which the young foal relies on for healthy musculoskeletal development and the avoidance of DOD, as mares’ milk is low in copper.  

Nutritionists need to carefully balance the ratio of copper to zinc and manganese in the diet and to be aware of any potential issues for the individual horse with high levels of iron or sulphur in his total diet.

Deficiency may be seen as poor coat quality and colour, poor reproduction and DOD.  Toxicity is rarely seen.